Does the Archives hold many photographs of the Battle of Peleliu?

Not everything has been digitized, and even when you have series where parts have been digitized, they aren't always digitized in full.  Somethings might also be in other record groups, such as pictures taken by the Navy.

I searched the National Archives Catalog for 1940s records with photographs and graphic materials and with the word Peleliu somewhere in the description and came up with the following: https://catalog.archives.gov/search?q=Peleliu&f.dateRangeFacet=%221940%20-%201949%22&f.materialsType=photographsandgraph…

See also the links here:  Researching for Photographs of World War II Military Units & Crews

Also, many photographs from the Archives and other sources have been posted to Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Peleliu

I'd suggest emailing National Archives at College Park - Still Pictures (RDSS) at stillpix@nara.gov, as well as the contacts listed in the  National Archives Catalog descriptions of any record series that look promising. 

I'd also recommend checking out the following.

https://grc-usmcu.libguides.com/marine-corps-archives/main

https://www.usmcmuseum.com/

https://www.flickr.com/people/60868061@N04

https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/world-war-ii/1944/peleliu.html

https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/search.html?q=Peleliu

https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/wars-conflicts-and-operations/world-war-ii/1944/peleliu/peleliu-photo-galle…

https://history.army.mil/index.html

https://www.nationalww2museum.org/

https://www.worldwarphotos.info/gallery/usa/pacific/peleliu/