Researchers interested in Chinese American genealogy often seek out identification documents, especially those containing photographs. These weren't just simple papers – they were part of a changing system for managing immigration. While their purpose was to show someone's legal standing to enter or reenter the U.S., receiving these documents often stemmed from a long and complicated process, sometimes taking weeks, months or even years. Whereas locating early documentation might pose a challenge and may not include any images, certificates from the 20th century are more readily accessible to researchers and usually come with photographs.
Because various certificates were issued during the exclusion period (1882-1943) and even a few years afterwards, it may be confusing to determine which type of document might have been granted to an individual. While the National Archives houses some of these certificates, others might still be tucked away in family papers.
This seven-part blog series explores some commonly sought-after certificates and documents issued to Chinese American immigrants and citizens. Hopefully, understanding the historical context of these documents can enrich your understanding of your family's journey and serve as a springboard to uncovering other related records held by the National Archives.
Section 6 Certificates, 1882-1943 (Part One)
Red Eagle Certificates, 1884-1888 (Part Two)
Certificates of Residence, 1892-1894 and 1901-1902 (Part Three)
Certificates of Return, 1894-1908 (Part Four)
Return Application Forms 430, 431 and 432, 1908-1943 (Part Five)
Certificates of Identity, 1908-1943 (Part Six)
Hawaiian Certificates of Citizenship, 1926-1955 (Part Seven)